Everything about Oligosynthetic Language totally explained
An
oligosynthetic language (from the
Greek ὀλίγος, meaning "few" or "little") is any
language using very few
morphemes, perhaps only a few hundred, which combine
synthetically to form statements. It is contrasted to
polysynthetic languages. Oligosynthesis is almost entirely theoretical and would depend heavily on the creation of lengthy compound words, to an extent far exceeding that of regular
synthetic languages.
There are no known natural human languages that are oligosynthetic. The
Native American languages Nahuatl and
Blackfoot have in the past been claimed to exhibit oligosynthetic qualities (most notably by
Benjamin Whorf). However, the linguistic community has largely rejected these claims, preferring to categorize Nahuatl and Blackfoot as polysynthetic.
Because no natural language has been shown to exhibit oligosynthetic properties, some linguists regard true oligosynthesis as impossible or impractical for productive use by humans.
Oligosynthetic constructed languages
Some
constructed languages (conlangs), for example
Sona,
aUI,
Ygyde
,
Kali-sise
, and
Vuyamu
, may be considered oligosynthetic.
Unlike oligosynthetic languages,
oligoanalytic or
oligoisolating languages are ones which have few morphemes but tend toward
isolating structure. For example, the conlang
Toki Pona has been described as oligoisolating.
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The
Newspeak spoken by Oceania in the novel
1984 tends
theoretically to be an oligosynthetic language, as the aim is to reduce the morphemes. Newspeak ideas are expressed using those few roots and constructing a new idea by synthesis; for example,
doubleplusungood means "extremely unsatisfactory".
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